Creation

The first maser. All credit goes to http://prl.aps.org/files/prl_timeline/FirstMASER.jpeg.

The first laser-type device didn't amplify light; it amplified microwaves. The "maser" was Townes' first step toward his masterpiece, and was inspired by the microwave technology he used to make bombing radar with. The original maser, built in 1953, was meant to amplify microwaves and make them stronger using a medium, initially ammonia gas, through which radiation passed through and turned into microwaves. This, however, was just the beginning. Later on, Townes teamed up with his brother in law, Dr. A.L. Schawlow to create the laser. The laser amplified light, rather than microwaves, and was based on the design of the maser.

The trick to making the laser was that infrared waves are shorter than microwaves, and a new design was required. The trick was to find a way to amplify the light, as it is very different from amplifying microwaves. One day, Schawlow suggested using mirrors to bounce the light back and forth, amplifying the light. Schalwlow was right, and this idea led to the invention of the modern laser.

The laser is still being improved today. New mediums are being used to generate light, and different strength lasers are being created. As the technology evolves, the laser just keeps getting better.